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Silicon Photonics / Photovoltaics

Defects in Solar Cells and Devices

AbstractPeople
Publications
ProjectsCooperationsAlumni

2014

Lausch, D. , V. Naumann , A. Graff , A. Hähnel , O. Breitenstein , C. Hagendorf , and J. Bagdahn
Sodium outdiffusion from stacking faults as root cause for the recovery process of potential-induced degradation (PID).
Energy Procedia 55 , p 486-493 (2014)

Breitenstein, O. , and S. Rißland
Comment on ``Evaluation of the spatial distribution of series and shunt resistance of a solar cell using dark lock-in thermography'', J. Appl. Phys. 115, 034901 (2014).
Journal of Applied Physics 116 , p 046101/1-2 (2014)

Breitenstein, O. , H. Höffler , and J. Haunschild
Photoluminescence image evaluation of solar cells based on implied voltage distribution.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 128 , p 296-299 (2014)

Lausch, D. , V. Naumann , O. Breitenstein , J. Bauer , A. Graff , J. Bagdahn , and C. Hagendorf
Potential-induced degradation (PID): Introduction of a novel test approach and explanation of increased depletion region recombination.
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4 (3) , p 834-840 (2014)

Breitenstein, O.
An alternative one-diode model for illuminated solar cells.
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4 (3) , p 899-905 (2014)

Shen, C. , M. A. Green , O. Breitenstein , T. Trupke , M. Zhang , and H. Kampwerth
Improved local efficiency imaging via photoluminescence for silicon solar cells.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 123 , p 41-46 (2014)

Schmidt, F. , H. Wenckstern , O. Breitenstein , R. Pickenhain , and M. Grundmann
Low rate deep level transient spectroscopy - a powerful tool for defect characterization in wide bandgap semiconductors.
Solid State Electronics 92 , p 40-46 (2014)

2013

Breitenstein, O.
The physics of industrial crystalline silicon solar cells.
In: Semiconductors and Semimetals 89 (2) , Ed. P. Willeke , E. Weber Academic Press, Burlington, (2013)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Carstensen , A. Schütt , and J.-M. Wagner
Comparison of local solar cell efficiency analysis performed by DLIT and CELLO.
Proceedings 28th EU PVSEC , p 1538-1544 Paris, France (2013)

Rißland, S. , G. Micard , O. Breitenstein , A. Zuschlag , S. Seren , B. Terheiden , and G. Hahn
Comparison of the recombination velocity at grain boundaries gained by lock-in thermography and light beam induced current measurements.
Proceedings 28th EU PVSEC , p 1659-1664 WIP, Munich, Germany (2013)

Breitenstein, O.
Multikristalline Silizium-Solarzellen - Erhellendes über den Dunkelstrom.
Physik in unserer Zeit 44 (6) , p 294-301 (2013)

Rißland, S. , T. M. Pletzer , H. Windgassen , and O. Breitenstein
Local thermographic efficiency analysis of multicrystalline and cast-mono silicon solar cells.
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 3 (4) , p 1192-1199 (2013)

Schönfelder, S. , O. Breitenstein , S. Rißland , R. De Donno , and J. Bagdahn
Kerfless wafering for silicon wafers by using a reusable metal layer.
Energy Procedia 38 , p 942-949 (2013)

Rißland, S. , and O. Breitenstein
Considering the distributed series resistance in a two-diode model.
Energy Procedia 38 , p 167-175 (2013)

Rißland, S. , and O. Breitenstein
Evaluation of recombination velocities of grain boundaries measured by high resolution lock-in thermography.
Energy Procedia 38 , p 161-166 (2013)

Augarten, Y. , T. Trupke , M. Lenio , J. Bauer , J. W. Weber , M. Juhl , M. Kasemann , and O. Breitenstein
Calculation of quantitative shunt values using photoluminescence imaging.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 21 (5) , p 933-941 (2013)

Wagner, J.-M. , J. Bauer , and O. Breitenstein
Comment on ``Origin of breakdown mechanism in multicrystalline silicon solar cells''.
Applied Physics Letters 102 (24) , p 246101/1-1 (2013)

Breitenstein, O.
Understanding the current-voltage characteristics of industrial crystalline silicon solar cells by considering inhomogeneous current distributions.
Opto-Electronics Review 21 (3) , p 259-282 (2013)

Naumann, V. , D. Lausch , A. Graff , M. Werner , S. Swatek , J. Bauer , A. Hähnel , O. Breitenstein , S. Großer , J. Bagdahn , and C. Hagendorf
The role of stacking faults for the formation of shunts during potential-induced degradation of crystalline Si solar cells .
Physica Status Solidi RRL 7 (5) , p 315-318 (2013)

Hähnel, A. , J. Bauer , H. Blumtritt , O. Breitenstein , D. Lausch , and W. Kwapil
Electron microscope verification of prebreakdown-inducing a-FeSi2 needles in multicrystalline silicon solar cells .
Journal of Applied Physics 113 (4) , p 044505/1-10 (2013)

Breitenstein, O. , and S. Rißland
A two-diode model regarding the distributed series resistance .
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 110 , p 77-86 (2013)

Rißland, S. , and O. Breitenstein
Evaluation of luminescence images of solar cells for injection-level dependent lifetimes.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 111 , p 112-114 (2013)

Breitenstein, O.
Illuminated versus dark lock-in thermography investigations on solar cells .
International Journal of Nanoparticles 6 (2/3) , p 81-92 (2013)

2012

Breitenstein, O.
Lock-in thermography based local efficiency analysis of solar cells.
Proceedings 38th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA) , p 250-254 Phoenix, USA (2012)

Bauer, J. , A. Hähnel , H. Blumtritt , D. Lausch , W. Kwapil , and O. Breitenstein
TEM investigations on an iron silicide particle inducing type-2 breakdown in mc-Si solar cells.
Proceedings 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition 2012 , Ed. S. Nowak , A. Jäger-Waldau , P. Helm p 1246-1250 WIP, Munich, Germany (2012)

Bauer, J. , D. Lausch , H. Blumtritt , N. D. Zakharov , and O. Breitenstein
A novel origin of avalanche breakdown in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition 2012 , Ed. S. Nowak , A. Jäger-Waldau , P. Helm p 857-860 WIP, Munich, Germany (2012)

Lausch, D. , K. Petter , R. Bakowskie , J. Bauer , O. Breitenstein , and C. Hagendorf
Classification and investigation of recombination active defect structures in multicrystalline silicon solar-cells.
Proceedings 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition 2012 , Ed. S. Nowak , A. Jäger-Waldau , P. Helm p 723-728 WIP, Munich, Germany (2012)

Breitenstein, O.
Local efficiency analysis of solar cells based on lock-in thermography.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 107 , p 381-389 (2012)

Köstner, S. , A. Hähnel , H. Blumtritt , R. Mokso , J. Bauer , P. Werner , and O. Breitenstein
Precipitation of Si-C-N structures in multi-crystalline solar silicon: A TEM and X-ray tomography study.
Proceedings 22nd NREL Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules , Ed. B. L. Sappori , R. Sinton p 117-123 NREL, Vail, USA (2012)

Bartel, T. , K. Lauer , M. Heuer , M. Kaes , M. Walerysiak , F. Gibaja , J. Lich , J. Bauer , and F. Kirscht
The effect of Al and Fe doping on solar cells made from compensated silicon.
Energy Procedia 27 , p 45-52 (2012)

Bauer, J. , V. Naumann , S. Großer , C. Hagendorf , M. Schütze , and O. Breitenstein
On the mechanism of potential-induced degradation in crystalline silicon solar cells .
Physica Status Solidi RRL 6 (8) , p 331-333 (2012)

Schoenfelder, S. , O. Breitenstein , S. Rißland , R. De Donno , and J. Bagdahn
Glue-cleave: Kerfless wafering for silicon wafers with metal on glueing and removable interface.
Proceedings 22nd Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes , p 1-7 Vail, USA (2012)

Sugianto, A. , O. Breitenstein , B. S. Tjahjono , A. Lennon , L. Mai , and S. R. Wenham
Impact of localized regions with very high series resistance on cell performance.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 20 (4) , p 452-462 (2012)

Breitenstein, O.
Local analysis of the efficiency of solar cells based on dark lock-in thermography imaging.
Proceedings 11th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography (QIRT 2012) , p 1-4 USB Proceedings, (2012)

Breitenstein, O.
Lock-in thermography and related topics in photovoltaic research.
Materials Science Forum 725 , p 115-122 (2012)

Rißland, S. , and O. Breitenstein
High resolution saturation current density imaging at grain boundaries by lock-in thermography.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 104 , p 121-124 (2012)

Schmidt, C. , F. Altmann , and O. Breitenstein
Application of lock-in thermography for failure analysis in integrated circuits using quantitative phase shift analysis.
Materials Science & Engineering B 177 , p 1261-1267 (2012)

Bauer, J. , W. Kwapil , D. Lausch , M. C. Schubert , W. Warta , K. Bothe , and O. Breitenstein
Comments on the paper ``Detection and analysis of hot-spot formation in solar cells'' published by M. Simon and E. L. Meyer in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 (2010) 106-113.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 99 , p 362-364 (2012)

Müller, S. , H. Wenckstern , O. Breitenstein , J. Lenzner , and M. Grundmann
Microscopic identification of hot spots in multibarrier Schottky contacts on pulsed laser deposition grown zinc oxide thin films.
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 59 (3) , p 536-541 (2012)

2011

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , K. Bothe , D. Hinken , J. Müller , W. Kwapil , M. C. Schubert , and W. Warta
Can luminescence imaging replace lock-in thermography?.
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 1 (2) , p 159-167 (2011)

Breitenstein, O. , C. Schmidt , F. Altmann , and D. Karg
Thermal failure analysis by IR lock-in thermography.
In: Microelectronics Failure Analysis , p 330-339 ASM International, Ohio, USA (2011)

Straube, H. , J.-M. Wagner , J. Schneider , and O. Breitenstein
Quantitative evaluation of loss mechanisms in thin film solar cells using lock-in thermography.
Journal of Applied Physics 110 (8) , p 084513/1-7 (2011)

Breitenstein, O.
Separate imaging of space charge and bulk recombination current distribution by lock-in thermography.
Proceedings 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (26th EU PVSEC) , p 1179-1181 Hamburg, Germany (2011)

Lausch, D. , M. Werner , O. Breitenstein , S. Swatek , J. Schneider , and C. Hagendorf
Non-destructive p-n junction testing on thin film solar cells.
Proceedings 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (26th EU PVSEC) , p 2784-2787 Hamburg, Germany (2011)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , K. Bothe , D. Hinken , W. Kwapil , J. Müller , M. C. Schubert , and W. Warta
Luminescence imaging versus lock-in thermography on solar cells and wafers.
Proceedings 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (26th EU PVSEC) , p 1031-1038 Hamburg, Germany (2011)

Breitenstein, O. , and H. Straube
Lock-in thermography investigation of solar modules.
Proceedings 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (26th EU PVSEC) , p 1451-1453 Hamburg, Germany (2011)

Straube, H. , and O. Breitenstein
Infrared lock-in thermography through glass substrates.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 (10) , p 2768-2771 (2011)

Breitenstein, O.
Nondestructive local analysis of current-voltage characteristics of solar cells by lock-in thermography.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 (10) , p 2933-2936 (2011)

Straube, H. , O. Breitenstein , and J.-M. Wagner
Thermal wave propagation in thin films on substrate: The time-harmonic thermal transfer function.
Physica Status Solidi B 248 (9) , p 2128-2141 (2011)

Breitenstein, O. , C. Schmidt , and F. Altmann
Application of lock-in thermography to failure analysis in integrated circuits.
Proceedings MICROTHERM , p 96-101 Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (2011)

Steingrube, S. , O. Breitenstein , K. Ramspeck , S. Glunz , A. Schenk , and P. P. Altermatt
Explanation of commonly observed shunt currents in c-Si solar cells by means of recombination statistics beyond the Shockley-Read-Hall approximation.
Journal of Applied Physics 110 (1) , p 014515/1-10 (2011)

Riepe, S. , I. E. Reis , W. Kwapil , M. A. Falkenberg , J. Schön , H. Behnken , J. Bauer , D. Kreßner-Kiel , W. Seifert , and W. Koch
Research on efficiency limiting defects and defect engineering in silicon solar cells - results of the German research cluster SolarFocus.
Physica Status Solidi C 8 (3) , p 733-738 (2011)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , K. Bothe , W. Kwapil , B. Lausch , U. Rau , M. Schneemann , M. C. Schubert , J.-M. Wagner , and W. Warta
Understanding junction breakdown in multicrystalline solar cells.
Journal of Applied Physics 109 (7) , p 071101/1-10 (2011)

Straube, H. , and O. Breitenstein
Estimation of heat loss in thermal wave experiments.
Journal of Applied Physics 109 (6) , p 064515/1-10 (2011)

Straube, H. , M. Siegloch , A. Gerber , J. Bauer , and O. Breitenstein
Illuminated lock-in thermography at different wavelengths for distinguishing shunts in top and bottom layers of tandem solar cells.
Physica Status Solidi C 8 (4) , p 1339-1341 (2011)

2010

Breitenstein, O.
Lock-in thermography for investigating solar cells and materials.
Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 7 (2) , p 147-165 (2010)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , N. D. Zakharov , H. Blumtritt , A. Lotnyk , M. Kasemann , W. Kwapil , and W. Warta
Defect-induced breakdown in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 57 (9) , p 2227-2234 (2010)

Breitenstein, O. , A. Khanna , and W. Warta
Quantitative description of dark current-voltage characteristics of multicrystalline silicon solar cells based on lock-in thermography measurements.
Physica Status Solidi A 207 (9) , p 2159-2163 (2010)

Breitenstein, O. , W. Warta , and M. Langenkamp
Lock-in Thermography - Basics and Use for Evaluating Electronic Devices and Materials, Second Edition.
Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics 10 , p 255 Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2010)

Reis, I. , S. Riepe , W. Koch , J. Bauer , S. Beljakowa , O. Breitenstein , H. Habenicht , D. Kreßner-Kiel , G. Pensl , J. Schön , and W. Seifert
Effect of impurities on solar cell parameters in intentionally contaminated multicrystalline silicon.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (24th EU PVSEC) , p 2144-2148 WIP, Munich, Germany (2010)

Augarten, Y. , T. Trupke , M. Lenio , J. Bauer , O. Breitenstein , J. Weber , and R. A. Bardos
Luminescence shunt imaging: Qualitative and quantitative shunt images using photoluminescence imaging.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (24th EU PVSEC) , p 27-31 WIP, Munich, Germany (2010)

Möller, H. J. , C. Funke , J. Bauer , S. Köstner , H. Straube , and O. Breitenstein
Growth of silicon carbide filaments in multicrystalline silicon for solar cells.
Solid State Phenomena 156-158 , p 35-40 (2010)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , and J.-M. Wagner
Quantitative imaging of physical parameters of breakdown sites and avalanche multiplication in solar cells by lock-in thermography.
Proceedings 10th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography (QIRT10) , Ed. X. P. V. Maldague p 213-217 Quebec, Canada (2010)

Straube, H. , J.-M. Wagner , and O. Breitenstein
Interpretation of lock-in thermography on thin film solar cells considering dissipative and Peltier contributions.
Proceedings 10th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography (QIRT10) , Ed. X. P. V. Maldague p 221-227 Quebec, Canada (2010)

Breitenstein, O.
Understanding junction breakdown in multicrystalline solar cells.
Proceedings 20th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules , Ed. B. Sopori , R. Sinton p 1-13 NREL, Breckenridge, USA (2010)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , P. P. Altermatt , and K. Ramspeck
Influence of defects on solar cell characteristics.
Solid State Phenomena 156-158 , p 1-10 (2010)

Breitenstein, O. , A. Khanna , Y. Augarten , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , and K. Iwig
Quantitative evaluation of electroluminescence images of solar cells.
Physica Status Solidi RRL 4 (1) , p 7-9 (2010)

2009

Wagner, J.-M. , J. Bauer , and O. Breitenstein
Classification of pre-breakdown phenomena in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (24th EU PVSEC) , p 925-929 WIP, Munich, Germany (2009)

Straube, H. , O. Breitenstein , and J.-M. Wagner
Lock-in thermography on crystalline silicon on glass (CSG) thin film modules: Influence of Peltier contributions.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , p 2500-2505 WIP, Munich, Germany (2009)

Bothe, K. , D. Hinken , K. Ramspeck , S. Herlufsen , J. Schmidt , R. Brendel , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , N. D. Zakharov , and O. Breitenstein
Imaging and analysis of pre-breakdown sites in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (24th EU PVSEC) , p 918-924 WIP, Munich, Germany (2009)

Kwapil, W. , M. Kasemann , P. Gundel , M. C. Schubert , W. Warta , O. Breitenstein , J. Bauer , A. Lotnyk , J.-M. Wagner , G. Coletti , and P. C. P. Bronsveld
Physical mechanisms of breakdown in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (24th EU PVSEC) , p 896-900 WIP, Munich, Germany (2009)

Köstner, S. , H. Cypionka , V. Schoonderwoert , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , and O. Breitenstein
3D subsurface imaging of precipitates inside block-cast silicon.
Proceedings 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (24th EU PVSEC) , p 2270-2274 WIP, Munich, Germany (2009)

Bothe, K. , K. Ramspeck , D. Hinken , C. Schinke , J. Schmidt , S. Herlufsen , R. Brendel , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , N. D. Zakharov , and O. Breitenstein
Luminescence emission from forward- and reverse-biased multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Journal of Applied Physics 106 (10) , p 104510/1-8 (2009)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , H. Blumtritt , N. D. Zakharov , and A. Lotnyk
Failure analysis of breakdown sites in silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 35th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis , p 162-165 ASM International, San Jose, USA (2009)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , H. Blumtritt , A. Lotnyk , M. Kasemann , W. Kwapil , and W. Warta
Physical mechanisms of breakdown in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1-3 , p 000181-000186 (2009)

Lotnyk, A. , H. Blumtritt , J. Bauer , and O. Breitenstein
FIB preparation and TEM characterization of Si3N4 precipitates grown in multicrystalline Si for solar cell application.
Proc. 9th International Conference on Microscopy 2009 (Dreiländertagung 2009) , p 241-242 Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, Austria (2009)

Seifert, W. , J. Bauer , A. Erko , M. Holla , B. Gründig-Wendrock , M. Kittler , C. Knopf , G. Martinez-Criado , M. Trushin , O. F. Vyvenko , and I. Zizak
Fe/Cu precipitation at Si nitride and Si carbide particles in intentionally contaminated block cast silicon.
Proceedings 3rd International Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 3 , p 40/1-4 (2009)

Bauer, J. , O. Breitenstein , and J.-M. Wagner
Lock-in thermography: A versatile tool for failure analysis of solar cells.
Electronic Device Failure Analysis 11 (3) , p 6-12 (2009)

Straube, H. , J.-M. Wagner , and O. Breitenstein
Measurement of the Peltier coefficient of semiconductors by lock-in thermography.
Applied Physics Letters 95 (5) , p 052107/1-3 (2009)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , A. Lotnyk , and J.-M. Wagner
Defect-induced non-ideal dark I-V characteristics of solar cells.
Superlattices and Microstructures 45 (4-5) , p 182-189 (2009)

Bauer, J. , J.-M. Wagner , A. Lotnyk , H. Blumtritt , B. Lim , J. Schmidt , and O. Breitenstein
Hot spots in multicrystalline silicon solar cells: Avalanche breakdown due to etch pits.
Physica Status Solidi RRL 3 (2) , p 40-42 (2009)

2008

Kasemann, M. , W. Kwapil , B. Walter , J. Giesecke , B. Michl , M. The , J.-M. Wagner , J. Bauer , A. Schütt , J. Carstensen , S. Kluska , F. Granek , H. Kampwerth , P. Gundel , M. C. Schubert , R. A. Bardos , H. Föll , H. Nagel , P. Würfel , T. Trupke , O. Breitenstein , M. Hermle , W. Warta , and S. W. Glunz
Progress in silicon solar cell characterization with infrared imaging methods.
Proceedings 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (23rd EU PVSEC) , p 965-973 WIP, Munich, Germany (2008)

Lotnyk, A. , J. Bauer , O. Breitenstein , and H. Blumtritt
SiC precipitates in block-cast multicrystalline silicon: A TEM characterization.
Proceedings 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (23rd EU PVSEC) , p 1406-1409 WIP, Munich, Germany (2008)

Wagner, J.-M. , J. Bauer , A. Lotnyk , and O. Breitenstein
Pre-breakdown mechanisms in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Proceedings 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (23rd EU PVSEC) , p 1164-1168 WIP, Munich, Germany (2008)

Werner, M. , C. Hagendorf , O. Breitenstein , F. Altmann , and J. Bagdahn
High-resolution electron beam-induced current imaging of the P-N junction in crystalline silicon on glass (CSG) solar cell.
Proceedings 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (23rd EU PVSEC) , p 2217-2220 WIP, Munich, Germany (2008)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , J.-M. Wagner , and A. Lotnyk
Imaging physical parameters of pre-breakdown sites by lock-in thermography techniques.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 16 (8) , p 679-685 (2008)

Wagner, J.-M.
Comment on 'First-principles study of high-pressure phonon dispersions of wurtzite, zinc blende, and rocksalt AlN' [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 013506 (2008)].
Journal of Applied Physics 104 (7) , p 076106/1-2 (2008)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , M. Kittler , T. Arguirov , and W. Seifert
EBIC and luminescence studies of defects in solar cells.
Scanning 30 (4) , p 331-338 (2008)

Breitenstein, O.
Kurzschlüsse in Solarzellen.
Proceedings 9. Wörlitzer Workshop ``Diagnostik und Prozesskontrolle bei der Herstellung von Solarzellen'' , p 10/1-10 Dresden, Germany (2008)

Lotnyk, A. , J. Bauer , O. Breitenstein , and H. Blumtritt
A TEM study of SiC particles and filaments precipitated in multicrystalline Si for solar cells.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 (10) , p 1236-1240 (2008)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , T. Trupke , and R. A. Bardos
On the detection of shunts in silicon solar cells by photo- and electroluminescence imaging.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 16 (4) , p 325-330 (2008)

2007

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , and J.-P. Rakotoniaina
Material-induced shunts in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov 41 (4) , p 445-457 (2007)

Augarten, Y. , M. D. Abbott , T. Trupke , R. A. Bardos , H. P. Hartmann , R. Gupta , J. Bauer , and O. Breitenstein
Detection and isolation of localised shunts in industrial silicon solar cells using PL imaging.
Proceedings 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (22nd EU PVSEC) , p 1220-1223 WIP, Munich, Germany (2007)

Trupke, T. , R. A. Bardos , M. D. Abbott , P. Würfel , E. Pink , Y. Augarten , F. W. Chen , K. Fisher , J. E. Cotter , M. Kasemann , M. Rüdiger , S. Kontermann , M. C. Schubert , M. The , S. W. Glunz , W. Warta , D. Macdonald , J. Tan , A. Cuevas , J. Bauer , R. Gupta , O. Breitenstein , T. Buonassisi , G. Tarnowski , A. M. Lorenz , H. P. Hartmann , D. H. Neuhaus , and J. M. Fernandez
Progress with luminescence imaging for the characterisation of silicon wafers and solar cells.
Proceedings 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (22nd EU PVSEC) , p 22-31 WIP, Munich, Germany (2007)

Bauer, J. , O. Breitenstein , A. Lotnyk , and H. Blumtritt
Investigations of different types of filaments in multi-crystalline silicon for solar cells.
Proceedings 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (22nd EU PVSEC) , p 994-997 Milan, Italy (2007)

Gupta, R. , O. Breitenstein , and J. Schneider
Characterization of crystalline silicon on glass (CSG) modules by surface potential mapping.
Proceedings 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (22nd EU PVSEC) , p 1434-1437 WIP, Munich, Germany (2007)

Gupta, R. , O. Breitenstein , J. Zettner , and D. Karg
In-line shunt detection in solar cells by fast lock-in infrared thermography.
Proceedings 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (22nd EU PVSEC) , p 1975-1978 WIP, Munich, Germany (2007)

Abbott, M. D. , T. Trupke , H. P. Hartmann , R. Gupta , and O. Breitenstein
Laser isolation of shunted regions in industrial solar cells.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 15 , p 613-620 (2007)

Bauer, J. , O. Breitenstein , M. Becker , and J. Lenzner
Electrical investigations on SiC precipitates found in block-cast solar silicon.
Proceedings 17th NREL Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes , p 233-236 Vail, USA (2007)

Breitenstein, O.
Understanding shunting mechanisms in silicon cells: A review.
Proceedings 17th NREL Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes , p 61-70 Vail, USA (2007)

Breitenstein, O. , R. Gupta , and J. Schneider
Surface potential mapping on crystalline silicon on glass solar modules.
Journal of Applied Physics 102 (2) , p 024511/1-8 (2007)

Gupta, R. , and O. Breitenstein
Digital micromirror device application for inline characterization of solar cells by tomographic light beam induced current imaging.
Proceedings of SPIE 6616 , Ed. W. Osten , C. Gorecki , E. L. Nowak p 661600/1-9 SPIE, München, Germany (2007)

Bauer, J. , O. Breitenstein , and J.-P. Rakotoniaina
Electronic activity of SiC precipitates in multicrystalline solar silicon.
Physica Status Solidi A 204 (7) , p 2190-2195 (2007)

Gupta, R. , and O. Breitenstein
Unsteady-state lock-in thermography - applications to shunts in solar cells.
QIRT Journal 4 (1) , p 85-105 (2007)

Breitenstein, O. , J. Bauer , and J.-P. Rakotoniaina
Material-induced shunts in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Semiconductors 41 (4) , p 440-443 (2007)

Bauer, J. , F. Fleischer , O. Breitenstein , L. Schubert , P. Werner , U. Gösele , and M. Zacharias
Electrical properties of nominally undoped silicon nanowires grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.
Applied Physics Letters 90 (1) , p 012105/1-3 (2007)

2006

Breitenstein, O. , F. Altmann , T. Riediger , D. Karg , and V. Gottschalk
Use of a solid immersion lens for thermal IR imaging.
Proceedings 32nd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA 2006) , p 382-388 ASM International, Materials Park (USA), (2006)

Breitenstein, O.
Infrarotmesstechniken für Solarzellen und Solarmaterialien.
Freiberger Forschungshefte - Werkstofftechnologie B 337 , p 96-111 (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , and F. Altmann
Inversion of microscopic lock-in thermograms in the presence of emissivity contrast.
NDT&E International 39 (8) , p 636-640 (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , and J. P. Rakotoniaina
Unusual lock-in thermography signals: Schottky-typ grid contacts, Peltier effects, and thermal wave interference.
Proceedings IVth World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion , Ed. S. G. Bailey p 912-915 IEEE, Piscataway, New York (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , P. P. Altermatt , K. Ramspeck , M. A. Green , J. Zhao , and A. Schenk
Interpretation of the commonly observed I-V characteristics of c-Si cells having ideality factor larger than two.
Proceedings IVth World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion , Ed. S. G. Bailey p 879-884 IEEE, Piscataway, New York (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , P. P. Altermatt , K. Ramspeck , and A. Schenk
The origin of ideality factors n > 2 of shunts and surfaces in the dark I-V curves of Si solar cells.
Proceedings 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference , Ed. J. Poortmans , H. Ossenbrink , E. Dunlop , P. Helm p 625-628 WIP, Munich, Germany (2006)

Gupta, R. , and O. Breitenstein
Temperature drift correction for fast lock-in infrared thermography.
Proceedings 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference , Ed. J. Poortmans , H. Ossenbrink , E. Dunlop , P. Helm p 332-335 WIP, Munich, Germany (2006)

Bauer, J. , O. Breitenstein , and J. P. Rakotoniaina
Precipitates and inclusions in block-cast silicon - Isolation and electrical characterization.
Proceedings 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference , Ed. J. Poortmans , H. Ossenbrink , E. Dunlop , P. Helm p 1115-1118 WIP, Munich, Germany (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , F. Altmann , T. Riediger , D. Karg , and V. Gottschalk
Lock-in thermal IR imaging using a solid immersion lens.
Microelectronics Reliability 46 (9-11) , p 1508-1513 (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , G. Hahn , M. Kaes , T. Pernau , S. Seren , W. Warta , and J. Isenberg
Lock-in thermography - A universal tool for local analysis of solar cells.
Proceedings 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC-15) , p 1279-1280 Shanghai, PR China (2006)

Breitenstein, O. , F. Altmann , T. Riediger , and D. Karg
Lock-in infrared microscopy with 1.4 mm resolution using a solid immersion lens.
Electronic Device Failure Analysis 8 (2) , p 4-13 (2006)

Buonassisi, T. , A. A. Istratov , M. D. Pickett , J. P. Rakotoniaina , O. Breitenstein , M. A. Marcus , S. M. Heald , and E. R. Weber
Transition metals in photovoltaic-grade ingot-cast multicrystalline silicon: Assessing the role of impurities in silicon nitride crucible lining material.
Journal of Crystal Growth 287 (2) , p 402-407 (2006)

2005

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , O. Breitenstein , M. Werner , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , T. Buonassisi , M. D. Pickett , M. Ghosh , A. Müller , and N. Le Quang
Distribution and formation of silicon carbide and silicon nitride precipitates in block-cast multicrystalline silicon.
Proceedings 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , Ed. W. Palz , H. Ossenbrink , P. Helm p 773-776 (2005)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , G. Hahn , M. Kaes , T. Pernau , S. Seren , W. Warta , and J. Isenberg
Lock-in thermography - A universal tool for local analysis of solar cells.
Proceedings 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , Ed. W. Palz , H. Ossenbrink , P. Helm p 590-593 (2005)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , A. S. H. Heide , and J. Carstensen
Series resistance imaging in solar cells by lock-in thermography.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 13 (8) , p 645-660 (2005)

Breitenstein, O. , and F. Altmann
Inversion of microscopic lock-in thermograms in the presence of emissivity contrast.
Proceedings V International Workshop ``Advances in Signal Processing for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Materials'' , Ed. X. Maldague p 185-190 Université Laval, Quebec, Canada (2005)

Gradhand, M. , and O. Breitenstein
Preparation of non-conducting infrared absorbing thin films.
Review of Scientific Instruments 76 (5) , p 053702/1-7 (2005)

Breitenstein, O. , and J. P. Rakotoniaina
Electrothermal simulation of a defect in a solar cell.
Journal of Applied Physics 97 (7) , p 074905/1-5 (2005)

2004

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , M. Gradhand , F. Altmann , and T. Riediger
New developments in lock-in IR thermography.
Proceedings 30th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA 2004) , p 595-599 ASM International, Materials Park, USA (2004)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , F. Altmann , T. Riediger , and O. Schreer
Thermal failure analysis by IR lock-in thermography.
In: Microelectronics Failure Analysis , Ed. H. Scott p 398-405 ASM International, Ohio, (2004)

Hejjo Al-Rifai, M. , O. Breitenstein , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and M. Werner
Investigation of material-induced shunts in block-cast multicrystalline silicon solar cells caused by SiC precipitate filaments.
Proceedings 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , Ed. W. Hoffmann , J.-L. Bal , H. Ossenbrink , W. Palz , P. Helm p 632-635 WIP, München, Germany (2004)

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , O. Breitenstein , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , D. Franke , and A. Schneider
Detection of cracks in silicon wafers and solar cells by ultrasonic lock-in thermography.
Proceedings 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , Ed. W. Hoffmann , J.-L. Bal , H. Ossenbrink , W. Palz , P. Helm p 640-643 WIP, München, Germany (2004)

Ulyashin, A. , M. Scherff , J. P. Rakotoniaina , O. Breitenstein , R. Bilyalov , G. Beaucarne , and J. Poortmans
Lock-in thermography analysis of heterojunction solar cells based on p-type silicon substrates.
Proceedings 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , Ed. W. Hoffmann , J.-L. Bal , H. Ossenbrink , W. Palz , P. Helm p 682-685 WIP, München, Germany (2004)

Huster, F. , S. Seren , G. Schubert , M. Kaes , G. Hahn , O. Breitenstein , and P. P. Altermatt
Shunts in silicon solar cells below screen-printed silver contacts.
Proceedings 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition , Ed. W. Hoffmann , J.-L. Bal , H. Ossenbrink , W. Palz , P. Helm p 832-835 WIP, München, Germany (2004)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , and M. Werner
Shunt types in crystalline silicon solar cells.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 12 (7) , p 529-538 (2004)

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , and O. Breitenstein
Quantitative analysis of the influence of shunts in solar cells by means of lock-in thermography.
Proceedings 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion B , Ed. K. Kurokawa , L. L. Kazmerski , B. McNelis , M. Yamaguchi , C. Wronski , W. C. Sinke p 1065-1068 WCPEC-3 Organization Committee, Tokyo, Japan (2004)

Buonassisi, T. , O. F. Vyvenko , A. A. Istratov , E. R. Weber , G. Hahn , D. Sontag , J. P. Rakotoniaina , O. Breitenstein , J. Isenberg , and R. Schindler
Assessing the role of transition metals in shunting mechanisms using synchrotron-based techniques.
Proceedings 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion B , Ed. K. Kurokawa , L. L. Kazmerski , B. McNelis , M. Yamaguchi , C. Wronski , W. C. Sinke p 1120-1123 WCPEC-3 Organization Committee, Tokyo, Japan (2004)

Breitenstein, O.
Lock-in thermography for functional testing of electronic components.
Proceedings 7th International Conference on Quantitative Infrared Thermography (QIRT 2004) , Ed. D. Balageas , G. Busse , G. M. Carlomagno , J. M. Buchlin p B3.1-B3.6 Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-St.-Genese, Belgium (2004)

Hejjo Al-Rifai, M. , O. Breitenstein , and J. P. Rakotoniaina
Lock-in thermography on electronic devices using spatial deconvolution.
Proceedings 7th International Conference on Quantitative Infrared Thermography (QIRT 2004) , Ed. D. Balageas , G. Busse , G. M. Carlomagno , J. M. Buchlin p B2.1-B2.6 Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-St.-Genese, Belgium (2004)

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , and O. Breitenstein
Quantitative analysis of the influence of shunts in solar cells by means of lock-in thermography.
Proceedings 7th International Conference on Quantitative Infrared Thermography (QIRT 2004) , Ed. D. Balageas , G. Busse , G. M. Carlomagno , J. M. Buchlin p B4.1-B4.6 Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-St.-Genese, Belgium (2004)

Hejjo Al-Rifai, M. , O. Breitenstein , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and J. Carstensen
Edge shunt passivation in silicon solar cells by chemical etching investigated by lock-in thermography and CELLO.
Proceedings 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion , Ed. K. Kurokawa , L. L. Kazmerski , B. McNelis , M. Yamaguchi , C. Wronski , W. C. Sinke p 1061-1064 Tokyo, Japan (2004)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , S. Neve , M. Hejjo Al-Rifai , and M. Werner
Shunt types in multicrystalline solar cells.
Proceedings 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion A , Ed. K. Kurokawa , L. L. Kazmerski , B. McNelis , M. Yamaguchi , C. Wronski , W. C. Sinke p 987-990 WCPEC-3 Organization Committee, Tokyo, Japan (2004)

Shvydka, D. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and O. Breitenstein
Lock-in thermography and nonuniformity modeling on thin-film CdTe solar cells.
Applied Physics Letters 84 (5) , p 729-731 (2004)

Buonassisi, T. , O. F. Vyvenko , A. A. Istratov , E. R. Weber , G. Hahn , D. Sontag , J. P. Rakotoniaina , O. Breitenstein , J. Isenberg , and R. Schindler
Observation of transition metals at shunt locations in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Journal of Applied Physics 95 (3) , p 1556-1561 (2004)

Kaminski, A. , O. Breitenstein , J. P. Boyeaux , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and A. Laugier
Light beam induced current and infrared thermography studies of multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16 (2) , p S9-S18 (2004)

2003

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and M. Hejjo Al-Rifai
Quantitative evaluation of shunts in solar cells by lock-in thermography.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 11 (8) , p 515-526 (2003)

Breitenstein, O. , and M. Langenkamp
Lock-in thermography: Basics and Use for Functional Diagnostics of Electronic Components.
Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics 10 , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany (2003)

2002

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , S. Neve , M. Werner , and O. Breitenstein
Material-induced shunts in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.
PV in Europe: From PV Technology to Energy Solutions , Ed. J.-L. Bal p 24-27 WIP-Munich and ETA-Florence, München, Germany (2002)

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , O. Breitenstein , J. Zhao , A. Wang , M. A. Green , S. Rein , and S. W. Glunz
Local mapping of the oxygen-boron complex in high-efficiency CZ-Si solar cells by lock-in thermography and LBIC.
Proceedings 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference , p 434-437 IEEE, Piscataway, USA (2002)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , F. Altmann , J. Schulz , and G. Linse
Fault localization and functional testing of ICs by lock-in thermography.
Proceedings 28th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA 2002) , p 29-36 ASM International, Materials Park, USA (2002)

Breitenstein, O. , J. P. Rakotoniaina , S. Neve , M. A. Green , J. Zhao , A. Wang , and G. Hahn
Lock-in thermography investigation of shunts in screen-printed and PERL solar cells.
Proceedings 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference , p 430-433 IEEE, Piscataway, USA (2002)

Zhao, J. , A. Wang , P. P. Altermatt , M. A. Green , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and O. Breitenstein
High efficiency PERT cells on n-type silicon substrates.
Proceedings 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference , p 218-221 IEEE, Piscataway, USA (2002)

Huth, St. , O. Breitenstein , A. Huber , D. Dantz , U. Lambert , and F. Altmann
Lock-in IR-thermography - A novel tool for material and device characterization.
Solid State Phenomena 82-84 , p 741-746 (2002)

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , O. Breitenstein , M. Langenkamp , M. Werner , and G. Hahn
Investigation of 3D-inversion channels in solar cells on RGS silicon ribbons.
Proceedings of the 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference , p 1444-1447 Florence, Italy (2002)

Langenkamp, M. , and O. Breitenstein
Classification of shunting mechanisms in crystalline silicon solar cells.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 72 , p 433-440 (2002)

Rakotoniaina, J. P. , O. Breitenstein , and M. Langenkamp
Localization of weak heat sources in electronic devices using highly sensitive lock-in thermography.
Materials Science and Engineering B91-92 , p 481-485 (2002)

Breitenstein, O. , M. Langenkamp , J. P. Rakotoniaina , and J. Zettner
The imaging of shunts in solar cells by infrared lock-in thermography.
Proceedings of the 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference , Ed. B. McNelis , W. Palz , H. A. Ossenbrink , P. Helm p 1499-1502 WIP-ETA, Florence, Italy (2002)

Hauser, A. , G. Hahn , M. Spiegel , H. Feist , O. Breitenstein , J. P. Rakotoniaina , P. Fath , and E. Bucher
Comparison of different techniques for edge isolation.
17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference , Ed. B. McNelis , W. Palz , H. A. Ossenbrink , P. Helm p 1739-1742 WIP-ETA, Florence, Italy (2002)

Breitenstein, O.
Quantitative shunt investigations on solar cells by lock-in thermography.
12th Workshop on Crystalline Solar Cell Materials and Processes , p 125-135 (2002)

Breitenstein, O.
Comparison of shunt imaging by liquid crystal sheets and lock-in thermography.
12th Workshop on Crystalline Solar Cell Materials and Processes , p 244-247 (2002)

Breitenstein, O. , M. Langenkamp , J. Zettner , and C. Peppermüller
Hochempfindliche Lock-in Thermographie zur Abbildung von mW-Wärmequellen.
Freiberger Forschungshefte - Prozesstechnologie und Diagnostik B321 , p 254-263 TUBA, Freiberg, Germany (2002)

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